Berikut ini adalah beberapa kata yang digunakan dalam menulis description text. Untuk arti dari kata kata tersebut bisa di lihat di kamus.
Describing person
General look: handsome, beautiful, good looking, ugly
Physical look:
old, middle age, young, fifties, slim, skinny, well built, fat, medium built, tall, medium, height, short.
(Baby, oval, long) face, (round, small, narrow) eyes, (pale, dark) skin, (big, small, flat, pointed)nose, (full, small, thin)lips, (long, medium length, short, straight, wavy, curly, black, gray, brown, blond) hair, scar, pimples, moustache, beard, whisker, mole.
Wears glasses, earings,bando
Personality
He looks clever, loyal, confident, intelligent, honest, silent, cheerful, decisive, kind, generous, modest, simple, talkactive, lazy, arrogant, coward, selfish, easy going, sociable, stubborn.
Describing food
Shape: sphere, curve, pyramid, cylinder, round, oval, flat.
Size: long, short, big, small
Material: it is made of rice, sticky rice, cassava, wheat flour, rice flour.
Color: white, red, etc.
Taste: sweet, salty, sour, delicious, bland, spicy, salty, sour, tasty, bitter, horrible, mild
Describing animal
Size: big, small, huge
Color: white, black, etc.
Part of the body: long leg, short leg, long tail, etc.
Behavior: funny, clever, brave, noisy, quiet, obedient, friendly, loyal, easy to take care.
Food: grass, meat, vegetables, insect, fruits.
Cooking:
Stir fry(gongseng), boil(rebus pada panci tanpa tutup), steam(kukus), stew(rebus dalam panci tertutup), bake (panggang), fry(goreng), grill(bakar), bake(panggang), broil(dimasak di bawah api)
Steak : Rare(mentah), medium(setengah matang), well done(matang)
Egg: Scramble(acak), fried, boil, poached(rebus)
Lobster: grilled, baked, boiled, steamed
Saturday, January 9, 2010
Narative Text
JACK AND THE BEANSTALK
Once upon a time there lived a boy named Jack and his mother were very poor. One day Jack took their cow to the market to sell. On the way, he met a man. The man said, "I will give you magic beans for your cow." Jack took the beans and gave the cow to the man. Jack's mother was very angry. She threw the beans out the window.
The next day, Jack looked out the window and saw a beanstalk. He climbed up the stalk. At the top he saw a huge house. He knocked on the door and the giant's wife opened the door. She gave him breakfast. Suddenly, Jack heard, "Fee Fi Fo Fum. I smell the blood of an Englishman!" "Hurry," said the giant's wife. "Hide. He likes to eat boys!"
The giant sat down and asked for his hen. The giant's hen laid golden eggs. When the giant went to sleep, Jack pick up the hen and climbed down the beanstalk.
The next morning, Jack climbed up the beanstalk again. This time, the giant asked for his golden harp. When the giant went to sleep Jack picked up the harp. The harp shouted, "Master! Wake up!" The giant woke up and roared, "Fee Fi Fo Fum, I smell the blood of an Englishman."
Jack ran to the beanstalk and climbed down. The giant climbed down after him. "Mother, give me the axe" said Jack. Jack took the axe and chooped down the beanstalk. The giant fell into a big hole and disappeared. Jack and his mother lived happily ever after with the hen and the harp.
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTAL OIL RELEASES FROM FPSO OPERATIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO
The MMS is investigating the potential impact of the operation of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading installations (FPSOs) in the Gulf of Mexico. One of the concerns of the MMS is the potential negative effect on the environment from accidental oil releases, and in connection with this they have contracted Ecology and Environment to conduct an environmental impact study. Ecology and Environment will calculate the consequences of oil releases on the marine and coastal resources and combine these findings with estimated frequencies of accidental releases. The work to estimating the frequency of accidental oil releases from FPSO operations has been sub-contracted to DNV. This report presents DNV’s findings.
Scope of Work
DNV’s scope of work includes predicting the frequency of unique accidental releases from operation of a generic FPSO in the GoM. The specification for the FPSO is taken from the “Scenario Report, Environmental Impact Statement on Floating, Production, Storage, and Offloading Systems on the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf” which provides an outline description of the FPSO and its operation. Where insufficient details are provided in the Scenario Report DNV has used judgement and experience of earlier FPSO risk analyses to supplement the information given. Good practice has been generally assumed.
The scope of the study includes:
- All aspects of operation of the FPSO from the wellheads, through oil and gas production to export of the oil by shuttle tanker, and the gas by pipeline to shore.
- Shuttle tanker transit risks to a shore terminal.
- The various utilities provided by the FPSO required for operation and support of the people manning the installation.
- External and environmental risk factors are also assessed.
The study does not include construction, installation commissioning and decommissioning of the FPSO, nor does it include drilling or work over of the wells. These were specifically excluded from the scope of work by MMS.
In addition to the basecase, the Scenario Report identifies options for the FPSO and its operation that may affect the environmental risk presented. These options have been qualitatively assessed to consider what impact, if any, they have on the overall risk. Also, DNV has identified a number of mitigation measures to reduce the risk due to accidental oil releases.
Margins of safety in FPSO hull strength
The important factors that should be considered when carrying out ultimate strength analysis are identified and discussed. Specific simplified procedures for determining ultimate strength are reviewed and compared against finite element approaches and probabilistic methods.
Sources of reserve and residual strength in FPSOs are identified and compared to those in discrete structural systems (e.g. offshore jacket structures). Performance indicators that are used for measuring the reserve and residual strength of structures are discussed and appropriate measures are selected for use in this study.
The report then draws back together the results from published investigations. There appears to be a trend that the reliability (i.e. factor of safety) in sagging is lower than that for hogging.
However, there is considerable variability in this, and so each hull arrangement needs to be considered on it’s own merits. Differences in reliability for sagging and hogging should ideally be minimized at the design stage for new installations, although there may be operational measures that can be adopted for existing installations.
Results from published investigations are then reinterpreted using the newly developed performance measures. Using simplified procedures for determining ultimate strength, five FPSOs representative of the North Sea fleet are also analysed. It is shown that hull configurations and relative member properties are important influences. Differences in the definitions of strength measures are noted, underlining difficulties in drawing comparisons between various FPSOs. However, it is clear that the margin (usually referred to as reserve strength) between the load corresponding to first component failure and the load corresponding to ultimate strength can vary considerably. It is also noted that the margin (usually referred to as the residual strength) between the load corresponding to ultimate strength and the load corresponding to some pre-defined displacement beyond the ultimate strength can vary considerably. It is concluded that there is no measure that can be used on its own to describe the performance of FPSO structures under extreme loading.
THE UTILITY OF RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN MARITIME SECURITY ANALYSIS
Abstract
The international maritime community has embraced the need to introduce and adopt security measures to protect vital shipping, facility and port assets from terrorist attacks. This said, the maritime security environment is dynamic and changing, and the specific nature of the threat can vary across time, from country to country, and – within an individual country – from port to port. Threat and risk assessments, and training scenarios, need to become more dynamic, and tailored to specific needs of individual ports, facilities and even vessels. To this end, we introduce a simple set of tools that may allow port and facility managers, and vessel security officers to perform their own individualized risk assessments; specifically the use of risk matrices to help identify their most likely risks, and develop security and training plans accordingly. Very simply, a risk matrix allows the user to identify how serious a risk is, based on the expected destructiveness (cost) of an event, and the probability of that event occurring.
Keywords Maritime security; maritime terrorism; risk assessment; risk matrix; risk analysis
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